As Above So as Below

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   US Interventions
   US Military and Clandestine Operations in Foreign Countries - 1798-Present
   by Global Policy Forum
   Global Research, February 25, 2008
   Global Policy Forum - 2005-12-01
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   Note: This list does not pretend to be definitive or absolutely complete. Nor does it seek to explain or interpret the interventions. Information and interpretation on selected interventions will be later included as links. Note that US operations in World Wars I and II have been excluded.
   1798-1800
   France
   Undeclared naval war against France, marines land in Puerto Plata.
   1801-1805
   Tripoli
   War with Tripoli (Libya), called “First Barbary War”.
   1806
   Spanish Mexico
   Military force enters Spanish territory in headwaters of the Rio Grande.
   1806-1810
   Spanish and French in Caribbean
   US naval vessels attack French and Spanish shipping in the Caribbean.
   1810
   Spanish West Florida
   Troops invade and seize Western Florida, a Spanish possession.
   1812
   Spanish East Florida
   Troops seize Amelia Island and adjacent territories.
   1812
   Britain
   War of 1812, includes naval and land operations.
   1813
   Marquesas Island
   Forces seize Nukahiva and establish first US naval base in the Pacific.
   1814
   Spanish (East Florida)
   Troops seize Pensacola in Spanish East Florida.
   1814-1825
   French, British and Spanish in Caribbean
   US naval squadron engages French, British and Spanish shipping in the Caribbean.
   1815
   Algiers and Tripoli
   US naval fleet under Captain Stephen Decatur wages “Second Barbary War” in North Africa.
   1816-1819
   Spanish East Florida
   Troops attack and seize Nicholls’ Fort, Amelia Island and other strategic locations. Spain eventually cedes East Florida to the US.
   1822-1825
   Spanish Cuba and Puerto Rico
   Marines land in numerous cities in the Spanish island of Cuba and also in Spanish Puerto Rico.
   1827
   Greece
   Marines invade the Greek islands of Argentiere, Miconi and Andross.
   1831
   Falkland/Malvinas Islands
   US naval squadrons aggress the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic.
   1832
   Sumatra, Dutch East Indies
   US naval squadrons attack Qallah Battoo.
   1833
   Argentina
   Forces land in Buenos Aires and engage local combatants.
   1835-1836
   Peru
   Troops dispatched twice for counter-insurgency operations.
   1836
   Mexico
   Troops assist Texas war for independence.
   1837
   Canada
   Naval incident on the Canadian border leads to mobilization of a large force to invade Canada. War is narrowly averted.
   1838
   Sumatra, Dutch East Indies
   US naval forces sent to Sumatra for punitive expedition.
   1840-1841
   Fiji
   Naval forces deployed, marines land.
   1841
   Samoa
   Naval forces deployed, marines land.
   1842
   Mexico
   Naval forces temporarily seize cities of Monterey and San Diego.
   1843
   China
   Marines land in Canton.
   1843
   Ivory Coast
   Marines land.
   1846-1848
   Mexico
   Full-scale war. Mexico cedes half of its territory to the US by the Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo.
   1849
   Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
   Naval force dispatched to Smyrna.
   1852-1853
   Argentina
   Marines land in Buenos Aires.
   1854
   Nicaragua
   Navy bombards and largely destroys city of San Juan del Norte. Marines land and set fire to the city.
   1854
   Japan
   Commodore Perry and his fleet deploy at Yokohama.
   1855
   Uruguay
   Marines land in Montevideo.
   1856
   Colombia (Panama Region)
   Marines land for counter-insurgency campaign.
   1856
   China
   Marines deployed in Canton.
   1856
   Hawaii
   Naval forces seize small islands of Jarvis, Baker and Howland in the Hawaiian Islands.
   1857
   Nicaragua
   Marines land.
   1858
   Uruguay
   Marines land in Montevideo.
   1858
   Fiji
   Marines land.
   1859
   Paraguay
   Large naval force deployed.
   1859
   China
   Troops enter Shanghai.
   1859
   Mexico
   Military force enters northern area.
   1860
   Portuguese West Africa
   Troops land at Kissembo.
   1860
   Colombia (Panama Region)
   Troops and naval forces deployed.
   1863
   Japan
   Troops land at Shimonoseki.
   1864
   Japan
   Troops landed in Yedo.
   1865
   Colombia (Panama Region)
   Marines landed.
   1866
   Colombia (Panama Region)
   Troops invade and seize Matamoros, later withdraw.
   1866
   China
   Marines land in Newchwang.
   1867
   Nicaragua
   Marines land in Managua and Leon in Nicaragua.
   1867
   Formosa Island (Taiwan)
   Marines land.
   1867
   Midway Island
   Naval forces seize this island in the Hawaiian Archipelago for a naval base.
   1868
   Japan
   Naval forces deployed at Osaka, Hiogo, Nagasaki, Yokohama and Negata.
   1868
   Uruguay
   Marines land at Montevideo.
   1870
   Colombia
   Marines landed.
   1871
   Korea
   Forces landed.
   1873
   Colombia (Panama Region)
   Marines landed.
   1874
   Hawaii
   Sailors and marines landed.
   1876
   Mexico
   Army again occupies Matamoros.
   1882
   British Egypt
   Troops land.
   1885
   Colombia (Panama Region)
   Troops land in Colon and Panama City.
   1885
   Samoa
   Naval force deployed.
   1887
   Hawaii
   Navy gains right to build permanent naval base at Pearl Harbor.
   1888
   Haiti
   Troops landed.
   1888
   Samoa
   Marines landed.
   1889
   Samoa
   Clash with German naval forces.
   1890
   Argentina
   US sailors land in Buenos Aires.
   1891
   Chile
   US sailors land in the major port city of Valparaiso.
   1891
   Haiti
   Marines land on US-claimed Navassa Island.
   1893
   Hawaii
   Marines and other naval forces land and overthrow the monarchy. Read More
   1894
   Nicaragua
   Marines land at Bluefields on the eastern coast.
   1894-1895
   China
   Marines are stationed at Tientsin and Beijing. A naval ship takes up position at Newchwang.
   1894-1896
   Korea
   Marines land and remain in Seoul.
   1895
   Colombia
   Marines are sent to the town Bocas del Toro.
   1896
   Nicaragua
   Marines land in the port of Corinto.
   1898
   Nicaragua
   Marines land at the port city of San Juan del Sur.
   1898
   Guam
   Naval forces seize Guam Island from Spain and the US holds the island permanently.
   1898
   Cuba
   Naval and land forces seize Cuba from Spain.
   1898
   Puerto Rico
   Naval and land forces seize Puerto Rico from Spain and the US holds the island permanently.
   1898
   Philippines
   Naval forces defeat the Spanish fleet and the US takes control of the country.
   1899
   Philippines
   Military units are reinforced for extensive counter-insurgency operations.
   1899
   Samoa
   Naval forces land
   1899
   Nicaragua
   Marines land at the port city of Bluefields.
   1900
   China
   US forces intervene in several cities.
   1901
   Colombia/Panama
   Marines land.
   1902
   Colombia/Panama
   US forces land in Bocas de Toro
   1903
   Colombia/Panama
   With US backing, a group in northern Colombia declares independence as the state of Panama
   1903
   Guam
   Navy begins development in Apra Harbor of a permanent base installation.
   1903
   Honduras
   Marines go ashore at Puerto Cortez.
   1903
   Dominican Republic
   Marines land in Santo Domingo.
   1904-1905
   Korea
   Marines land and stay in Seoul.
   1906-1909
   Cuba
   Marines land. The US builds a major naval base at Guantanamo Bay.
   1907
   Nicaragua
   Troops seize major centers.
   1907
   Honduras
   Marines land and take up garrison in cities of Trujillo, Ceiba, Puerto Cortez, San Pedro, Laguna and Choloma.
   1908
   Panama
   Marines land and carry out operations.
   1910
   Nicaragua
   Marines land in Bluefields and Corinto.
   1911
   Honduras
   Marines intervene.
   1911-1941
   China
   The US builds up its military presence in the country to a force of 5000 troops and a fleet of 44 vessels patrolling China's coast and rivers.
   1912
   Cuba
   US sends army troops into combat in Havana.
   1912
   Panama
   Army troops intervene.
   1912
   Honduras
   Marines land.
   1912-1933
   Nicaragua
   Marines intervene. A 20-year occupation of the country follows.
   1913
   Mexico
   Marines land at Ciaris Estero.
   1914
   Dominican Republic
   Naval forces engage in battles in the city of Santo Domingo.
   1914
   Mexico
   US forces seize and occupy Mexico's major port city of Veracrus from April through November.
   1915-1916
   Mexico
   An expeditionary force of the US Army under Gen. John J. Pershing crosses the Texas border and penetrates several hundred miles into Mexican territory. Eventually reinforced to over 11,000 officers and men.
   1914-1934
   Haiti
   Troops land, aerial bombardment leading to a 19-year military occupation.
   1916-1924
   Dominican Republic
   Military intervention leading to 8-year occupation.
   1917-1933
   Cuba
   Landing of naval forces. Beginning of a 15-year occupation.
   1918-1920
   Panama
   Troops intervene, remain on "police duty" for over 2 years.
   1918-1922
   Russia
   Naval forces and army troops fight battles in several areas of the country during a five- year period.
   1919
   Yugoslavia
   Marines intervene in Dalmatia.
   1919
   Honduras
   Marines land.
   1920
   Guatemala
   Troops intervene.
   1922
   Turkey
   Marines engaged in operations in Smyrna (Izmir).
   1922-1927
   China
   Naval forces and troops deployed during 5-year period.
   1924-1925
   Honduras
   Troops land twice in two-year period.
   1925
   Panama
   Marines land and engage in operations.
   1927-1934
   China
   Marines and naval forces stationed throughout the country.
   1932
   El Salvador
   Naval forces intervene.
   1933
   Cuba
   Naval forces deployed.
   1934
   China
   Marines land in Foochow.
   1946
   Iran
   Troops deployed in northern province.
   1946-1949
   China
   Major US army presence of about 100,000 troops, fighting, training and advising local combatants.
   1947-1949
   Greece
   US forces wage a 3-year counterinsurgency campaign.
   1948
   Italy
   Heavy CIA involvement in national elections.
   1948-1954
   Philippines
   Commando operations, "secret" CIA war.
   1950-1953
   Korea
   Major forces engaged in war in Korean peninsula.
   1953
   Iran
   CIA overthrows government of Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh. Read More
   1954
   Vietnam
   Financial and materiel support for colonial French military operations, leads eventually to direct US military involvement.
   1954
   Guatemala
   CIA overthrows the government of President Jacobo Arbenz Guzman.
   1958
   Lebanon
   US marines and army units totaling 14,000 land.
   1958
   Panama
   Clashes between US forces in Canal Zone and local citizens.
   1959
   Haiti
   Marines land.
   1960
   Congo
   CIA-backed overthrow and assassination of Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba.
   1960-1964
   Vietnam
   Gradual introduction of military advisors and special forces.
   1961
   Cuba
   CIA-backed Bay of Pigs invasion.
   1962
   Cuba
   Nuclear threat and naval blockade.
   1962
   Laos
   CIA-backed military coup.
   1963
   Ecuador
   CIA backs military overthrow of President Jose Maria Valesco Ibarra.
   1964
   Panama
   Clashes between US forces in Canal Zone and local citizens.
   1964
   Brazil
   CIA-backed military coup overthrows the government of Joao Goulart and Gen. Castello Branco takes power. Read More
   1965-1975
   Vietnam
   Large commitment of military forces, including air, naval and ground units numbering up to 500,000+ troops. Full-scale war, lasting for ten years.
   1965
   Indonesia
   CIA-backed army coup overthrows President Sukarno and brings Gen. Suharto to power.
   1965
   Congo
   CIA backed military coup overthrows President Joseph Kasavubu and brings Joseph Mobutu to power.
   1965
   Dominican Republic
   23,000 troops land.
   1965-1973
   Laos
   Bombing campaign begin, lasting eight years.
   1966
   Ghana
   CIA-backed military coup ousts President Kwame Nkrumah.
   1966-1967
   Guatemala
   Extensive counter-insurgency operation.
   1969-1975
   Cambodia
   CIA supports military coup against Prince Sihanouk, bringing Lon Nol to power. Intensive bombing for seven years along border with Vietnam.
   1970
   Oman
   Counter-insurgency operation, including coordination with Iranian marine invasion.
   1971-1973
   Laos
   Invasion by US and South Vietnames forces.
   1973
   Chile
   CIA-backed military coup ousts government of President Salvador Allende. Gen. Augusto Pinochet comes to power.
   1975
   Cambodia
   Marines land, engage in combat with government forces.
   1976-1992
   Angola
   Military and CIA operations.
   1980
   Iran
   Special operations units land in Iranian desert. Helicopter malfunction leads to aborting of planned raid.
   1981
   Libya
   Naval jets shoot down two Libyan jets in maneuvers over the Mediterranean.
   1981-1992
   El Salvador
   CIA and special forces begin a long counterinsurgency campaign.
   1981-1990
   Nicaragua
   CIA directs exile "Contra" operations. US air units drop sea mines in harbors.
   1982-1984
   Lebanon
   Marines land and naval forces fire on local combatants.
   1983
   Grenada
   Military forces invade Grenada.
   1983-1989
   Honduras
   Large program of military assistance aimed at conflict in Nicaragua.
   1984
   Iran
   Two Iranian jets shot down over the Persian Gulf.
   1986
   Libya
   US aircraft bomb the cities of Tripoli and Benghazi, including direct strikes at the official residence of President Muamar al Qadaffi.
   1986
   Bolivia
   Special Forces units engage in counter-insurgency.
   1987-1988
   Iran
   Naval forces block Iranian shipping. Civilian airliner shot down by missile cruiser.
   1989
   Libya
   Naval aircraft shoot down two Libyan jets over Gulf of Sidra.
   1989
   Philippines
   CIA and Special Forces involved in counterinsurgency.
   1989-1990
   Panama
   27,000 troops as well as naval and air power used to overthrow government of President Noriega.
   1990
   Liberia
   Troops deployed.
   1990-1991
   Iraq
   Major military operation, including naval blockade, air strikes; large number of troops attack Iraqi forces in occupied Kuwait.
   1991-2003
   Iraq
   Control of Iraqi airspace in north and south of the country with periodic attacks on air and ground targets.
   1991
   Haiti
   CIA-backed military coup ousts President Jean-Bertrand Aristide.
   1992-1994
   Somalia
   Special operations forces intervene.
   1992-1994
   Yugoslavia
   Major role in NATO blockade of Serbia and Montenegro.
   1993-1995
   Bosnia
   Active military involvement with air and ground forces.
   1994-1996
   Haiti
   Troops depose military rulers and restore President Jean-Bertrand Aristide to office.
   1995
   Croatia
   Krajina Serb airfields attacked.
   1996-1997
   Zaire (Congo)
   Marines involved in operations in eastern region of the country.
   1997
   Liberia
   Troops deployed.
   1998
   Sudan
   Air strikes destroy country's major pharmaceutical plant.
   1998
   Afghanistan
   Attack on targets in the country.
   1998
   Iraq
   Four days of intensive air and missile strikes.
   1999
   Yugoslavia
   Major involvement in NATO air strikes.
   2001
   Macedonia
   NATO troops shift and partially disarm Albanian rebels.
   2001
   Afghanistan
   Air attacks and ground operations oust Taliban government and install a new regime.
   2003
   Iraq
   Invasion with large ground, air and naval forces ousts government of Saddam Hussein and establishes new government.
   2003-present
   Iraq
   Occupation force of 150,000 troops in protracted counter-insurgency war
   2004
   Haiti
   Marines land. CIA-backed forces overthrow President Jean-Bertrand Aristide.
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